HW for week of Jan 26

As we wait for the snow (it's coming!), here is the HW for the week to help you pass the time :)

1. Read your books and do your 30 page summaries. If you need a new book, let me know!!
2. Study for your quiz (study guide below)
3. Visit the eyewitness to history site below and read the articles on Custer's Last Stand and the Massacre at Wounded Knee and write a brief summary of both... (do extra articles for extra credit)
4. I will collect and grade HW notebooks (get your work done and up to date!!) on Feb 9.
5. For extra credit, watch the Civil War series on PBS Thurs at 9 pm and write a summary of what you saw in your HW notebooks...Have Fun!!
6. For extra credit, visit the site listed here and read articles and write brief summaries of them in your notebooks. This is an excellent site on the CW and slavery!!

http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/civil-war/1865/assasssination-abraham-lincoln.htm

7. Continue to prepare for your Veteran Interviews (info on interviews still posted below) On Feb 9, I will want to know who your veteran is and have a sample list of your questions and interview ideas - include them in your HW notebooks

http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/owfrm.htm



Quiz 1 (Feb 2) Study Guide

Civil War - April 1861 to April 1865 - almost exactly 4 years

The main cause of the war was most certainly regarding the issue of the extension of slavery...

The meteor of the war -- John Brown and his raid of Harper's Ferry Va in an attempt to lead a slave uprising.

The raid failed - Brown was captured by US marines under the command of Col. Robert E. Lee

Brown was tried and convicted of treason against the state of Virginia and hanged. His last communication came in a note, in which he wrote, "I am now quite certain that the crimes of this guilty land shall not be purged away but by blood." He was correct!

Abolitionists believed slavery was a moral wrong, a sin not to be compromised with and needed to be ended immediately. Abolitionists were always in the minority - most did not believe in equal rights for blacks at that time.

Lincoln - born Feb 12, 1809 in Hodgensville Ky - He was not an abolitionist - he believed slavery to be wrong, but only insisted that it not be extended. He became concerned when the Kansas - Nebraska act of 1854 and the Dred Scott decision in 1857 paved the way for the extension of slavery to all states and territories.

Lincoln believed in compensating slaveholders with money to give up their slaves and in colonizing blacks to lands outside the US. He later shifted his thinking on this thanks to powerful arguments from many including freed slave Frederick Douglass

On April 11, 1865, just before he was assassinated, Lincoln spoke of giving the right to vote to intelligent blacks and those who had fought in Union armies - about 150,000 ultimately did fight for their own freedom

Some leading abolitionists included William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, and Harriet Beecher Stowe, author of Uncle Tom's Cabin

In 1858, Lincoln wrote "A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free...It will become all one thing or all the other." He was correct!

Lincoln was elected president in Nov 1860 - he received no southern electoral votes. upon hid election, 7 states in the deep south seceded from the Union before his inauguration on March 4, 1861. South Carolina was the first to do so on Dec 20, 1860.

The war began with the firing upon Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor, SC on April 12, 1861. Southern forces fired on the fort beginning the war. The bombardment lasted 34 hours - no one was killed!

The first great land battle of the war was First Bull Run or First Manassas July 21, 1861. Union forces under Gen Irwin McDowell had initial success, but were stopped on Henry House Hill by Virginia forces under the command of Thomas J Jackson. they inspired SC general Barnard Bee to say to his troops "there stands Jackson like a stonewall...rally around the Virginians." The legend was born. The Confederates counterattacked with the rebel yell and drove Union forces from the field. People who had come out to picnic and watch the battle fled with the army back to DC in the "Great Skedaddle."

The war began on the fields of Wilmer McLean - he moved his family to southern Virginia to Appomattox - his house was chosen to be the place where Gens Grant and Lee would meet to hammer out the surrender of Lee's army in April 1865. He said the war began in his front yard and ended in his front parlor. Amazing...

The Union got it's first major victories of the war withe capture of forts Henry and Donelson in the west. Gen US Grant was the Union commander. Grant became the most important Union commander in the war, winning continual victories in both the west and east. His nickname became Unconditional Surrender Grant.

Confed. officer Nathan Bedford Forrest was a great cavalry officer who killed 31 men in hand to hand combat. He survived the war. He was a racist and slaveowner who became the first grand wizard of the KKK after the war. He was involved in a massacre of Union soldiers, any of them black at fort Pillow late in the war.

The battle of Shiloh in Tennessee on April 6-7 was one of the war's first bloody battles. There were 24,000 casualties on both sides. Confed. Gen. Albert S. Johnston was killed. Union Gens. grant and Sherman were the heroes of Shiloh. Sherman's bravery was unmatched.

The battle of the ironclads Monitor and Merrimac (CSS Virginia) took place at Hampton Roads near Norfolk, Va on March 8, 1862. The new ironclads made wooden navies a thing of the past. The Virginia destroyed several Union warships before the Monitor engaged her and she was eventually destroyed by Confed. forces before she was captured.

The CSS Hunley was one of the first submarines - she sunk in Charleston harbor and was recently raised and is now under study by historians.

Gen. George McClellan commanded the Union Army of the Potomac on two occasions - he was a great organizer, but not a great fighter - he was slow and reluctant to put his men in combat. During the Penisula Campain and 7 days battles of June - July 1862, McClellan was outsmarted and outmanuevered, even though his forces outnumbered the rebels by 3 -1. Confed. gen Joseph Johnston was wounded and Robert E Lee was put in command of the Army of Northern Virginia. Lee attacked and forced McClellan's men down and off the Penisula and back to DC - McClellan was removed from command.

In 1862, Gen Stonewall Jackson and his 17,000 man army defeated 3 Union armies in the Shenandoah Valley through marches, fighting, and brilliant leadership - Jackson's legend grows!

Clara Barton was a young patent office clerk who felt it her duty to help the war cause. eventually she did so by going between the bullet and the battlefield. She risked her life with many other nurses to care for soldiers. She became known as the "Angel of the b
Battlefield."

JEB Stuart was the most well known cavalry officer of the war. A strong Christian who loved a good dance and party, Stuart was an excellent officer who was the "eyes and ears" of Lee's army. he failed to properly screen Lee and give him vital info on the way to Gettysburg, helping lead to a Confed. defeat there.

Aug 29, 1862. Second Bull run or Second Manassas, Va. Union Gen john Pope defeated by Lee. 25,000 casualties on both sides. Stonewall held the line against intense pressure and Gen James Longstreet launched a flank attack, destroying Pope. Pope was replaced and McClellan becomes commander - again!

Sept. 17, 1862 Antietam, Md. The bloodiest single day of the CW - 23,000 casualties in 1 day!! Union forces suffered 12,500 casualties, 2 times the number suffered on D-Day in Normandy during WW II!! the battle was three battles in one - morning, afternoon, and late afternoon. McClellan failed to attack in a coordinated way but in 3 seperate attacks. Lee, outnumbered 3-1 was pressured to the breaking point, but held. McClellan had Lee's plans in hand when he found a lost order, but still did not destroy Lee. Lee retreated back to Virginia and Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. a turning point in the war. McClellan was removed from command, never to return. After the battle, photographers visited the battlefield (along with many relatives looking for loved ones) and Matthew Brady's New york studio offered an exhibit entitled "The Dead of Antietam" which shocked the nation...

Dec 13, 1862 - Fredericksburg, Va. - In a rare winter battle, Union forces under the command of Gen Ambrose Burnside are destroyed as Burnside sends 10,000 men across the river, shells the town and it's citizens, and crosses open plains and up a sloping hill to take the Confed. position atop Marye's Heights. Confed. artillery on the hill and infantry behind a stone wall at the base of the hill open fire and leave thousands dead and wounded in the snow. Some Union units are trapped in the open and hide and sleep among the dead. It is here where Gen. Lee looked upon the scene of one of his great victories and says, "It is good that war is so terrible, or we would grow too fond of it." 12,000 Union troops are dead and wounded - the Confederates lose less than 5,000 - many just AWOL, having gone home to families for Christmas!! After the battle, the sky is lit up with an amazing natural display - the Northern Lights light up the sky - the rebels take it as a sign that God approves of their victory and is looking with favor upon them...Burnside is soon relieved of duty and replaced by Gen. Joseph Hooker...