Homework for week of Dec 1

HW assignment 1 --Study for quiz on Dec 8 -- Use study guide below to prepare along with notes from class on Dec 1
HW assignment 2 -- read your 30 pages as usual and record your summaries in you notebooks - make sure HW is updated and ready to be collected and graded on the 8th
HW assignment 3 -- those who went to gettysburg, write a one page essay on the three main things you saw or learned that interested you the most. If you did not go to gettysburg, go to site below, read the article and write a summary of the article with the three things you learned while reading it that interested you most

http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/gtburg.htm

Quiz Study Guide

Military History Review

The US fought pirates off the coast of North Africa and through the Mediterranean Sea between 1801 and 1804. In May 1801, Tripoli declared war on the US. US ships were seized and crews imprisoned and held for ransom. At the time, the US navy consisted of 7 ships.

The USS Constitution, commanded by Comm. Edward Preble bombed Tripoli and fought pirates in ship to ship and hand to hand combat

The USS Philadelphia and it’s crew of 300 were captured and held for ransom. While pirates attempted to outfit the ship for their use, Stephen Decatur and a small unit from the USS Intrepid rowed to and boarded the Philadelphia and set her on fire. They escaped with only 1 wounded. Decatur was promoted to the rank of Captain at age 25, the youngest to reach that rank in the history of the US Navy.

William Eaton and Lt. Presley O’ Bannon led about 100 Marines as well as Arab and Greek fighters on a 1,000 mile trip across the North African desert from Alexandria to Tunis. About half way there, they attacked and captured the city of Derna and defeated the Tripolian army. The king od Tripoli opened negotiations to end the Barbary wars - US prisoners were released, piracy was ended, and the US paid $60,000 cash.

The War of 1812 was fought between 1812-1815 and is often called Mr. Madison’s War. The war was waged with England over shipping and trade disagreements between the two nations. The US declared war in 1812 despite only having a 7,000 man army.

England was allied with a number of Indian tribes. The war produced a number of great US military commanders, including Sam Houston, William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson, and Zachary Taylor. All four would become President - Houston of the Republic of Texas and the others as POTUS.

Harrison defeated and killed the great Shawnee chief Tecumseh at the Battle of the Thames on Oct 5, 1813.

Attacks were made by US forces to capture Quebec and Montreal - they were unsuccessful. The US Navy fought and won a series of battles with British Naval forces on the Great Lakes.

The British blockaded the east coast, cut off all US trade routes to Europe, attacked and burned Washington DC and attacked Baltimore on Sept 13, 1814, but were turned back at the battle of North Point and at Ft McHenry, where Francis Scott Key noted the US victory with a poem that would become the National Anthem

Washington DC was burned, including the White House and Capitol on August 24, 1814

In late December 1814 to Jan. 8, 1815, Us and British forces fought the battle of New Orleans. The war had been negotiated to an end at Ghent, Belgium on Dec 24, 1814, but news of the treaty would not reach the US for weeks, thus the Battle of New Orleans was fought and won by forces under the command of American hero Andrew Jackson

Mexico gained it’s independence from Spain in 1821. The Us offered Mexico $5 million for Texas territory, but Mexico refused but allowed Us citizens to settle in the area. By 1836, Americans outnumbered Mexicans there by 10 to 1

Texas declared it’s independence from Mexico on march 2, 1836. It became the Lone Star republic and remained so for 9 years until Texas was annexed as a state in 1845

Texas gained it’s independence from Mexico at the Battle of San Jacinto - Sam Houston and his forces defeated Santa Anna and Mexican forces and forced Santa Anna to surrender.

At the Alamo, a mission church, about 200 US forces were annihilated (including Jim Bowie and Davy Crockett) but not before holding out for nearly 2 weeks between Feb 23-March 6, 1836 and killing about 1,500 Mexican forces. The battle cry thereafter was “Remember The Alamo”

At Coletto Creek, an American army surrendered and 500 prisoners were taken to Goliad prison. Santa Anna ordered them executed and on March 27, 1836, 350 American POW’s were murdered. “Remember the Goliad”

During the Mexican war, so many men signed up from Tennessee, it became known as the Volunteer state

Both the US and Mexico wanted the war in an attempt to acquire more territory

After the war, the US gained 1.2 million square miles of territory, California came into the Union in 1850 as a free state. The US paid Mexico $15 million

Abraham Lincoln, a Whig in the House of representatives opposed the war in 1846

Many US soldiers fought in the Mexican War as comrades, then fought against each other in the American Civil War -- Grant, McClellan, Sherman and Hancock for the Union and Lee, Johnston, Longstreet, Jackson, and Pickett for the Confederacy are just a few…

At Palo Alto, a Mexican cavalry charge into US artillery ended with over 1,000 Mexican casualties and only 9 US soldiers killed in action

General Zachary Taylor was a very aggressive fighter who attacked with superior numbers and drove his enemy to surrender - he greatly impacted Ulysses S Grant who did the same thing during the Civil War

Gen Winfield Scott was another aggressive fighter who led his troops on flank attacks with surprise and daring - he greatly influenced Col Robert E Lee who did the same during the Civil War

Lee led 90 Marines in the capture of John Brown at Harper’s Ferry, Va in Oct 1959

Brown led 18 men in a raid of Harper’s Ferry in an attempt to start a slave revolt

Brown was Hanged at Charlestown, Va. His last communication was in the form of a note which said, I, John Brown, am now quite convinced that the crimes of this guilty land shall not be purged away but by blood.

Mexico City was captured by American forces on Sept 14, 1847 after the storming and capture of the castle fortress of Chapultepec - the National Palace was captured - the “Halls of Montezuma”

In the war, 1,721 US soldiers were KIA while 11,000 died of disease

The added territory after the Mexican War increased the agitation and argument over the question of and spread of slavery.

A series of compromises were tried to help answer the slave question - the 3/5 compromise during the Constitutional Convention, the Missouri Compromise of 1820, the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854

The Dred Scott decision of 1857 was a supreme court decision denying freedom and constitutional rights and citizenship to slave Dred Scott. The decision declared Scott property and greatly impacted the nation and it’s slide toward civil war

The Kansas- Nebraska Act basically stated that Congress could no longer restrict the spread of slavery in any way. The decision of slavery in the territories and new states would now be based on popular sovereignty or popular vote. This sparked many pro and anti-slavery forces to pour into the territories and violence broke out in the Kansas territory - over 100 people were killed and lawlessness prevailed. Lincoln was greatly impacted by ther Kansas - Nebraska Act - it inspired him to get back into politics and work toward stopping the spread of slavery.

Lincoln was always anti-slavery, but he was not an abolitionist. He looked for more of a political solution - he advocated compensation and colonization

Former slave Frederick Douglass was an abolitionist who greatly influenced Lincoln in terms of his thinking regarding citizenship for some former slaves. They became friends and greatly respected each other.

Lincoln was assassinated by racist and southern sympathizer John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865 at Ford’s Theatre in Washington DC. Lincoln died in the Peterson home across the street from the thatre on April 15 at 7:22 am. Booth escaped, but was captured, shot, and killed on April 26, 1865 at Port Royal Va

The invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1792 made the production of cotton very profitable and changed the nation - more and more slaves were imported. By 1860, 4 million black slaves were in the US mostly in the south.

In 1860, 31 million people lived in the US, about 22 million in the North and 9 million in the South

IN 1860, about one out of every 7 Americans were owned by another.

Most people in the South did not own slaves and a very small number of the population owned most of them

Abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison was a very strong advocate for ending slavery. He began an anti-slave newspaper called The Liberator beginning in 1831. Other well known abolitionists included Wendall Phillips, Theodore Weld, Angelina and Sarah Grimke, and Harriet Beecher Stowe.

Stowe wrote a book about slavery based on true slave accounts. Uncle Tom’s cabin was published in 1852 - 300,000 copies were sold in the US and over a million world wide. It greatly impacted popular opinion about slavery. When President Lincoln met Miss Stowe, he said, “So you’re the little lady who started this great big war.”

In 1858, to accept the nomination to run for the Senate from the state of Illinois, Abraham Lincoln stated “A House divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved. I do not expect the house to fall. But I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing or all the other.”

Texas gained it’s independence from Mexico in 1836 and remained it’s own nation until 1845 when it became a state of the US. It’s president and governor was war hero Sam Houston. Houston was removed from office as governor of Texas when Texas seceded from the Union in 1861.